### Lesson Plan: Addition and Subtraction (Four-Digit Numbers)
**Grade Level: 4**
**Subject: Mathematics**
**Topic: Addition and Subtraction of Four-Digit Numbers**
**Duration: 1 Hour**
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#### **Objectives:**
1. Students will be able to add and subtract four-digit numbers accurately.
2. Students will understand the process of carrying over (regrouping) in addition and borrowing in subtraction.
3. Students will apply their skills to solve word problems involving addition and subtraction of four-digit numbers.
#### **Materials Needed:**
- Whiteboard and markers
- Chart paper
- Interactive whiteboard (if available)
- Worksheets with problems on four-digit addition and subtraction
- Manipulatives (base-ten blocks or place value charts)
- Pencils and erasers
- Colored markers or crayons
#### **Common Core Standards:**
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NBT.B.4: Fluently add and subtract multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.
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### **Lesson Outline:**
#### **Introduction (10 minutes):**
1. **Opening Activity:**
- Begin with a quick mental math activity where students solve simple three-digit addition and subtraction problems in their heads.
- Examples: 235 + 157, 982 - 475.
2. **Objective Presentation:**
- Explain to students that today they will learn to add and subtract four-digit numbers and understand carrying over and borrowing in these operations.
#### **Instruction (15 minutes):**
1. **Guided Practice - Addition:**
- Write an example of a four-digit addition problem on the board:
- Example: 2,456 + 3,789
- Demonstrate step-by-step how to solve this problem, emphasizing the carrying over process.
- Encourage student participation by asking them to predict and explain the next steps.
2. **Guided Practice - Subtraction:**
- Write an example of a four-digit subtraction problem on the board:
- Example: 5,432 - 2,198
- Demonstrate step-by-step how to solve this problem, emphasizing the borrowing process.
- Involve students by asking questions, such as "What do we do when we can't subtract 8 from 2?"
#### **Hands-On Activity (15 minutes):**
1. **Group Practice with Manipulatives:**
- Divide students into small groups and provide each group with base-ten blocks or place value charts.
- Give each group a set of four-digit addition and subtraction problems.
- Students will use manipulatives to physically represent and solve these problems.
- Circulate among the groups to provide guidance and support as needed.
#### **Independent Practice (10 minutes):**
1. **Worksheet Activity:**
- Distribute a worksheet with a mix of addition and subtraction problems involving four-digit numbers.
- Allow students to solve these problems independently.
- Encourage them to show their work and use strategies discussed during the lesson.
#### **Application (10 minutes):**
1. **Word Problems:**
- Present a few word problems that involve addition and subtraction of four-digit numbers.
- Example: "Maria has 2,354 marbles. She buys 1,687 more. How many marbles does she have now?"
- Example: "John had 4,025 stickers. He gave 1,638 to his friend. How many stickers does he have left?"
- Work through one problem as a class, encouraging students to identify key information and decide which operation to use.
- Allow students to solve the remaining problems individually or in pairs.
#### **Closure (5 minutes):**
1. **Review and Recap:**
- Summarize the key points of the lesson: adding and subtracting four-digit numbers, the importance of carrying over, and borrowing.
- Ask students to share one thing they learned or found challenging.
2. **Exit Ticket:**
- Provide students with a quick addition or subtraction problem to solve before they leave.
- Example: 6,721 + 4,389 or 8,562 - 3,247.
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### **Assessment:**
- Monitor student participation during group activities to assess understanding.
- Review completed worksheets to check for accuracy and grasp of addition and subtraction concepts.
- Evaluate responses to word problems to ensure students can apply their knowledge in real-world contexts.
### **Differentiation:**
- **For Struggling Students:**
- Offer additional one-on-one support and use manipulatives to make concepts more concrete.
- Provide simpler problems with fewer digits if necessary.
- **For Advanced Students:**
- Challenge them with problems that involve multiple steps or require solving more complex word problems.
- Introduce the concept of adding or subtracting larger numbers beyond four digits.
### **Homework:**
- Assign a mix of addition and subtraction problems for homework to reinforce the day’s learning.
- Include a couple of word problems to apply their skills.
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This lesson plan ensures a comprehensive approach to teaching addition and subtraction of four-digit numbers, integrating direct instruction, hands-on practice, and real-world applications to cater to various learning styles.